Targeted drug delivery utilizing colloidal nanostructures has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These nanoscale structures can be precisely engineered with surface functionalities that enable targeted binding to specific cells or tissues, thereby delivering the payload directly to t

Cerium oxide is a widely employed material in numerous applications. Its remarkable chemical and physical properties contribute to its versatility. For illustration, cerium oxide is widely utilized in catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions from vehicles. Additionally, it finds relevance in the production of polishing compounds due to its

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Sputtering is a prominent technique utilized in the fabrication of advanced thin films. Titanium (Ti) sputtering, in particular, has emerged as a favorable method due to its ability to deposit high-quality Ti thin films with controlled thickness and composition. The process involves bombarding a Ti target with energetic ions, ejecting atoms that th